Pamene kuwerengera kukuyandikira malire enieni a liwiro la wotchi, timatembenukira ku zomangamanga zamitundu yambiri. Pamene kulumikizana kukuyandikira malire enieni a liwiro lotumizira, timatembenukira ku machitidwe a ma antenna ambiri. Kodi ndi ubwino wotani womwe unapangitsa asayansi ndi mainjiniya kusankha ma antenna angapo ngati maziko a 5G ndi mauthenga ena opanda zingwe? Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa malo kunali chifukwa choyamba chowonjezera ma antenna pa malo oyambira, zidapezeka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990 kuti kuyika ma antenna angapo kumbali ya Tx ndi/kapena Rx kunatsegula mwayi wina womwe sunali woyembekezeredwa ndi machitidwe a antenna imodzi. Tiyeni tsopano tifotokoze njira zitatu zazikulu pankhaniyi.
**Kupanga Kuwala**
Kupanga ma beamforming ndi ukadaulo waukulu womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma network a ma 5G. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya kupanga ma beamforming:
Kupanga kwa beamforming kwachikhalidwe, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti Line-of-Sight (LoS) kapena physical beamforming
Kupanga kwa beamforming, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) kapena virtual beamforming
Lingaliro la mitundu yonse iwiri ya beamforming ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma antenna angapo kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya chizindikiro kwa wogwiritsa ntchito winawake, pomwe akuletsa zizindikiro kuchokera kuzinthu zosokoneza. Monga fanizo, zosefera za digito zimasintha zomwe zili mu chizindikiro mu frequency domain mu njira yotchedwa spectral filtering. Mofananamo, beamforming imasintha zomwe zili mu chizindikiro mu space domain. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imatchedwanso spatial filtering.
Kupanga ma beamforming kwakhala ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri mu ma algorithms opangira ma signal a sonar ndi radar systems. Kumapanga ma beam enieni mumlengalenga kuti atumize kapena kulandira ndipo motero kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ngodya yofika (AoA) kapena ngodya yochoka (AoD) ya chizindikiro. Mofanana ndi momwe OFDM imapangira ma parallel streams mu frequency domain, classical kapena physical beamforming imapanga ma parallel beams mu angular domain.
Kumbali ina, mu mawonekedwe ake osavuta, kupanga ma beamforming kapena virtual beamforming kumatanthauza kutumiza (kapena kulandira) ma signali omwewo kuchokera ku antenna iliyonse ya Tx (kapena Rx) yokhala ndi magawo oyenera ndikuwonjezera kulemera kotero kuti mphamvu ya signali imakulitsidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito winawake. Mosiyana ndi kuyendetsa chitsulo m'njira inayake, kutumiza kapena kulandira kumachitika mbali zonse, koma chinsinsi ndikuwonjezera makope angapo a signali kumbali yolandirira kuti muchepetse kutha kwa njira zambiri.
**Kuchulukitsa Malo**
Mu spatial multiplexing mode, mtsinje wa deta wolowera umagawidwa m'mitsinje yambiri yofanana mu spatial domain, ndipo mtsinje uliwonse umatumizidwa kudzera mu unyolo wosiyanasiyana wa Tx. Bola ngati njira za channel zimachokera ku ngodya zosiyana pa Rx antennas, popanda kugwirizana kulikonse, njira za digito signal processing (DSP) zimatha kusintha waya wopanda waya kukhala njira zodziyimira pawokha zofananira. MIMO mode iyi yakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa deta kuchuluke kwambiri m'makina amakono opanda waya, popeza chidziwitso chodziyimira pawokha chimatumizidwa nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku ma antennas angapo pa bandwidth yomweyo. Ma algorithms ozindikira monga zero forcing (ZF) amalekanitsa zizindikiro za modulation ndi kusokonezedwa kwa ma antennas ena.
Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, mu WiFi MU-MIMO, mitsinje yambiri ya data imatumizidwa nthawi imodzi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kuchokera ku ma antenna angapo otumizira.
**Kulemba Makhodi a Nthawi ya Space-Time**
Munjira iyi, njira zapadera zolembera mawu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi ma antenna poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a antenna imodzi, kuti ziwonjezere kusiyanasiyana kwa zizindikiro zolandirira popanda kutayika kwa data pa wolandila. Ma code a nthawi ya malo amawonjezera kusiyanasiyana kwa malo popanda kufunikira kuyerekeza njira pa chotumizira chokhala ndi ma antenna angapo.
Concept Microwave ndi kampani yopanga zinthu za 5G RF zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a Antenna ku China, kuphatikizapo fyuluta ya RF lowpass, fyuluta ya highpass, fyuluta ya bandpass, fyuluta ya notch/band stop, duplexer, Power divider ndi directional coupler. Zonsezi zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Takulandirani patsamba lathu:www.concept-mw.comkapena titumizireni imelo pa:sales@concept-mw.com
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-29-2024