3G - netiweki ya mafoni ya m'badwo wachitatu yasintha momwe timalankhulirana pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni. Ma netiweki a 4G awonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa deta komanso chidziwitso chabwino cha ogwiritsa ntchito. 5G idzatha kupereka intaneti ya mafoni mpaka ma gigabits 10 pa sekondi imodzi pa nthawi yochepa ya ma milliseconds ochepa.
Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa 4G ndi 5G ndi kotani?
Liwiro
Ponena za 5G, liwiro ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe aliyense amasangalala nacho ndi ukadaulo. Ukadaulo wapamwamba wa LTE umatha kukweza deta mpaka 1 GBPS pa ma netiweki a 4G. Ukadaulo wa 5G uthandizira kukweza deta mpaka 5 mpaka 10 GBPS pazida zam'manja komanso kupitirira 20 GBPS panthawi yoyesa.
5G ikhoza kuthandizira mapulogalamu ofunikira kwambiri pa data monga 4K HD multimedia streaming, augmented reality (AR) ndi virtual reality (VR). Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito ma millimeter wave, kuchuluka kwa data kumatha kukwera pamwamba pa 40 GBPS komanso mpaka 100 GBPS m'ma network a 5G amtsogolo.
Mafunde a millimeter ali ndi bandwidth yayikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma frequency band ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wa 4G. Ndi bandwidth yayikulu, kuchuluka kwa deta kumatha kupezeka.
Kuchedwa
Latency ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wa netiweki poyesa kuchedwa kwa mapaketi a chizindikiro kufika kuchokera pa node imodzi kupita ku ina. Mu ma netiweki am'manja, imatha kufotokozedwa ngati nthawi yomwe ma signali a wailesi amatenga kuti ayende kuchokera ku siteshoni yoyambira kupita ku zida zam'manja (UE) komanso mosemphanitsa.
Kuchedwa kwa netiweki ya 4G kuli pakati pa ma millisecond 200 mpaka 100. Pa nthawi yoyesa 5G, mainjiniya adatha kupeza ndikuwonetsa kuchedwa kochepa kwa ma millisecond 1 mpaka 3. Kuchedwa kochepa ndikofunikira kwambiri m'mapulogalamu ambiri ofunikira kwambiri ndipo motero ukadaulo wa 5G ndi woyenera pamapulogalamu otsika kuchedwa.
Chitsanzo: magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, opaleshoni yakutali, opaleshoni ya drone ndi zina zotero…
Ukadaulo Wapamwamba
Kuti tikwaniritse ntchito zofulumira kwambiri komanso zochedwa kwambiri, 5G iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu apamwamba a netiweki monga mafunde a millimeter, MIMO, beamforming, kulumikizana kwa chipangizo kuchokera ku chipangizo kupita ku chipangizo ndi mawonekedwe a duplex.
Kutsegula Wi-Fi ndi njira ina yomwe ikulangizidwa mu 5G kuti iwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito bwino deta ndikuchepetsa katundu pa malo oyambira. Zipangizo zam'manja zimatha kulumikizana ndi LAN yopanda zingwe yomwe ilipo ndikuchita ntchito zonse (mawu ndi deta) m'malo molumikizana ndi malo oyambira.
Ukadaulo wapamwamba wa 4G ndi LTE umagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira monga Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) ndi Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). Pofuna kuthana ndi zoletsa zina mu njira zosinthira za 4G, njira yapamwamba ya Amplitude Phase-Shift Keying ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe ukadaulo wa 5G umaganizira.
Kapangidwe ka netiweki
M'mibadwo yakale ya ma network a mafoni, ma Radio Access Networks ali pafupi ndi siteshoni ya sitima. Ma RAN achikhalidwe ndi ovuta, amafunika zomangamanga zokwera mtengo, kukonza nthawi ndi nthawi komanso magwiridwe antchito ochepa.
Ukadaulo wa 5G udzagwiritsa ntchito Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) kuti ugwire bwino ntchito. Ogwira ntchito pa netiweki amatha kupereka intaneti yothamanga kwambiri kuchokera ku netiweki yolumikizira wailesi ya mtambo.
Intaneti ya Zinthu
Internet of Things ndi liwu lina lalikulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limakambidwa ndi ukadaulo wa 5G. 5G idzalumikiza zida zambirimbiri ndi masensa anzeru ku intaneti. Mosiyana ndi ukadaulo wa 4G, netiweki ya 5G idzatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa deta kuchokera ku mapulogalamu ambiri monga nyumba zanzeru, IoT yamafakitale, chisamaliro chaumoyo chanzeru, mizinda yanzeru ndi zina zotero…
Ntchito ina yaikulu ya 5G ndi kulumikizana kwa makina ndi makina. Magalimoto odziyimira pawokha adzalamulira misewu yamtsogolo mothandizidwa ndi mautumiki apamwamba a 5G otsika kuchedwa.
Mapulogalamu a Narrow Band – Internet of Things (NB – IoT) monga magetsi anzeru, mita yanzeru, ndi njira zoyimitsira magalimoto anzeru, mapu a nyengo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya 5G.
Mayankho Odalirika Kwambiri
Poyerekeza ndi 4G, zipangizo zamtsogolo za 5G zidzakhala ndi njira zolumikizirana nthawi zonse, zodalirika kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri. Posachedwapa Qualcomm yatulutsa modemu yawo ya 5G ya zipangizo zanzeru komanso makompyuta amtsogolo.
5G idzatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa deta kuchokera ku zida mabiliyoni ambiri ndipo netiwekiyi ikhoza kukulitsidwa kuti isinthidwe. Ma netiweki a 4G ndi a LTE omwe alipo pano ali ndi malire pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa deta, liwiro, kuchedwa komanso kukula kwa netiweki. Ukadaulo wa 5G udzatha kuthana ndi mavutowa ndikupereka mayankho otsika mtengo kwa opereka chithandizo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-21-2022